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With the enhancement of people's awareness of environmental protection and the progress of science and technology, natural biological packaging materials have become one of the most potential packaging materials with the advantages of complete environmental protection.
"Environmental protection" is a hot topic. In the food industry, packaging bags may be the biggest source of pollution. With the enhancement of people's awareness of environmental protection and the progress of science and technology, natural biological packaging materials have become one of the most potential packaging materials with the advantages of complete environmental protection. In the future, with the support of science and technology, natural biological packaging materials will continue to improve and innovate, gradually improve in immaturity, or occupy a considerable market share in the packaging industry.
In recent years, the research and development of degradable plastics and biomaterials has greatly promoted the development of the global packaging material industry and become a popular choice for packers. However, degradable plastics themselves degrade slowly in soil and can not be recycled in time; It can not be completely degraded, and there will be some application disadvantages such as visual stains, which limits its application prospect. Therefore, natural biological packaging materials have become the first choice of packaging materials in the future with the advantages of complete environmental protection. Next, let's take a look at two popular natural biological packaging materials.
Plant fiber packaging materials
The natural composition of plant fiber packaging materials is more than 80%, and the articles made of them can be degraded naturally even if they are abandoned in the natural environment. In addition, plant fiber packaging materials also have the characteristics of high strength, low density, natural surface texture and novel texture, so they have attracted special attention in the field of packaging.
The application of plant fiber in packaging materials mainly includes two kinds of composites, namely, the composite of plant fiber and starch and the composite of plant fiber and polymer. The chemical structure of plant fiber and starch is similar, and they have good compatibility. After chemical modification and cross-linking and other chemical reactions under specific process conditions, the mechanical ability, water resistance and thermal stability of starch will be significantly improved and improved. Adding an appropriate amount of plant fiber to polymers such as plastics can greatly improve the degradability and environmental friendliness of materials. However, there are great differences in properties between plant fibers and polymers, so plant fibers are usually modified by physical or chemical methods, and then combined with polymer molecules& nbsp;
In view of the advantages of plant fiber packaging materials, there are many studies in this field at home and abroad. Wageningen Agricultural University in the Netherlands has developed a biodegradable plastic without petrochemical products using wheat, corn and potato starch, and added hemp fiber to improve its strength. The plastic can be used in the fields of packaging coating, food storage bin, dustbin lining, shopping bag and agricultural film. The straw board processed from straw has good functions of heat preservation, heat insulation and energy saving, good air permeability and high impact strength. Compared with traditional materials, it has strong waterproof and seismic functions. In addition, when straw board is used as packaging material, its unit mass is only 1 / 10 of the same volume of paperboard material. In recent years, domestic researchers have developed disposable tableware paperboard with straw pulp as the main raw material, which has the functions of hot water resistance, no leakage, no stratification, oil resistance and heat sealing, and can be used to produce writing paper after recycling. The film fresh-keeping bag made of Artemisia powder and additives has the functions of antibacterial, mildew proof, insect proof and medicinal. It can also be cleaned and reused.
Plant fiber has a wide range of sources and low price. It plays a very important role in the development and research of natural biological packaging materials. According to the characteristics of plant fiber, the future development and application may be mainly reflected in the following three aspects.
1. Further improve the water resistance of plant fiber. Plant fiber contains a lot of hydroxyl groups and has strong hydrophilicity. In order to enhance the water resistance of plant fiber composites, it needs to be properly modified.
2. Further improve the pollution-free production process. Alkali treatment of plant fiber is the most traditional modification method to improve its bonding strength with other materials. However, most processes need to wash the treated plant fiber, so it will inevitably cause pollution in the process. Now the latest plant fiber treatment method - steam explosion treatment is a pollution-free plant fiber modification method, which has a good application prospect.
3. Reduce the production cost of plant cellulose and other composite materials, so as to improve the competitiveness of plant fiber composites in the market.
In recent years, the abandoned plastic products that cannot be naturally degraded due to human production and living activities have led to serious white pollution and caused great pressure on the global environment. In addition, the increasing depletion of oil resources all over the world provides a good opportunity for the development and use of biodegradable materials. In the future, with the support of science and technology, natural biological packaging materials will continue to improve and innovate, gradually improve in immaturity, or occupy a considerable market share in the packaging industry.
Starch packaging materials
Starch is a very common polysaccharide, which is the product of plant photosynthesis. It includes more than 100 kinds of cereal starch, potato starch, bean starch and other starch. As a natural biological packaging material, starch packaging material has many application advantages, including: ① it will not pollute the environment; ② As it is a renewable resource, it will not face the threat of lack of energy resources; ③ It can replace some polymeric packaging materials, especially in the application of edible packaging materials. Of course, in order to better meet the needs of industrial production, we have to use chemical or physical methods to treat natural starch, so as to overcome the defects of its properties such as lack of cold water solubility and poor freeze-thaw stability, so as to improve its original properties and even add new properties. In recent years, researchers have mixed starch with fully degradable polymer materials such as polyalkyl butyrate (PHB) and polylactic acid (PLA), which greatly reduces the application cost of packaging materials.
At present, starch packaging materials mainly used in the industry include modified starch packaging materials, allosteric starch materials, composite starch packaging materials, etc. Starch based bioplastics have also been widely used. According to incomplete estimation, its annual output has exceeded 25000 tons, of which more than 75% are used in the packaging industry. The main products include packaging plastics, packaging bags, packaging films, etc. It can be said that starch based bioplastics have become the main substitute for traditional packaging plastics.